He added: "She's talking about huge areas being affected, but she's basing it on one or two samples she's taken."īP's report placed most of the blame on Halliburton and Transocean, but its findings have been heavily criticised. Simon Boxall, an expert in the Deepwater Horizon disaster from the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton, said that various organisations - "almost too many to mention" - have taken samples from the sea bed and have not found any evidence for Joye's claims. Some independent scientists dispute Joye's claims. She told the Guardian earlier this month: "I think it is not beyond the imagination that 50% of the oil is still floating around out there." In December, Joye discovered a thick coating of oil, dead starfish and other organisms over an area of 2,900 square miles on the bottom of the ocean. Their findings were recorded in a report published in the peer-reviewed journal Science. They found a 22-mile plume of oil and gas droplets in the depths of the Gulf of Mexico in May last year. Samantha Joye's research team from the University of Georgia believes that more oil is lurking beneath the surface of the water. This correlates with reports from a spokesman for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA), who told the Guardian earlier this month that about 60 miles of coastline remain oiled. Now, he says, 15 miles of heavily oiled beach remain, along with "some tens of miles" of moderately oiled coastline. This included about 80 miles of heavily oiled wetland. Of this stretch, about 200 miles were heavily oiled – meaning that the oil covering them was more than three-foot wide and covered 50% distribution. His team surveyed about 4,000 miles of coastline, and on their first assessment they found that about 1,000 miles of shoreline had been affected. The shoreline cleanup technical adviser, Ed Owens, believes all of the oil is on the surface and only 10% of the oil actually reached the shoreline. BP contracted Polaris to assess the area affected and provide recommendations for cleanup. What was the size of the area affected by the oil spill? The well was capped on 15 July and it was permanently sealed on 19 September 2010. This provided a temporary fix until engineers could pump heavy kill mud and cement into the well to reduce pressure at the well head and permanently seal off the flow paths. Finally, engineers were successful by bolting a sealing cap on top of the blowout preventer. Next, engineers attempted to "kill" the well by injecting heavy mud into the blowout preventer. Successive efforts involved capturing oil spewing from the riser by lowering a "top hat" over it. This began with efforts to close the blowout preventer with a remotely operated vehicle. Why did it take so long to stem the oil flow?Īccording to the final progress report from the Deepwater Horizon study group, 10 different techniques were used to try to plug the leak. Eleven, from Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi.
0 kommentar(er)
